Answers.Test 3.

Listening comprehension.

1. (B) The question asks, "What will the man most likely do?" The correct
answer is (B)-Not give the woman a cigarette. When the woman asked for a
cigarette, the man replied, "Yes, I do. But I thought the doctor told you that
you were supposed to quit smoking. I don't want to contribute to your bad
health."
2. (C) The question asks, "What is the baby's relationship to the woman?"
The correct answer is (C)-Niece. The man asked, "Did your sister give birth to
her baby yet?" The woman responded, "Yes, she had a baby girl last week."
The relationship between the woman and her sister's daughter is that of aunt to
niece.
3. (C) The question asks, "What is the man implying?" The correct answer is
(C)-He would like to go see a play at the theater with the woman, but he would
like to invite other people as well. The woman asked, "Would you like to go to
see a play at the theater with me?" The man responded, "Yes, but why don't we
see if anyone else would like to come with us as well."
4. (A) The question asks: "Where did this conversation most likely take
place?" The correct response is (A)-The beach. The man said, "Could you pass
me the suntan lotion? I think I am burning." The woman responded, "Get the
bottle of suntan lotion yourself. I have to get this sand out of my bathing suit."
5. (B) The question asks, "Where did this conversation most likely take
place?" The correct answer is (B)-In a doctor's office. The man said, "Ouch!
That hurts! Do you think I broke my ankle?" The woman replied, "No, I think
it is probably only a sprain. Let's run some x-rays and then we will know for
sure."
6. (C) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct answer
is (C)-She could not take his pet because she is allergic to cats. The man said,
"I just moved into my new apartment, and they don't allow pets. Would you
like to have my cat?" The woman responded, "Oh, I'd love to, but I'm allergic to
cats."
7. (B) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct answer
is (B)-She can't share her books with the man, because she no longer has
them. The man said, "The books required for this class are awfully expensive!
Do you think I could just borrow your books?" The woman replied, "I took
that class last semester, and I sold the books back at the end of the term."
8. (C) The question asks, "What does the man mean?" The correct answer is
(C)-The woman has probably caught the same illness that many other people
in the office have. The woman said, "I don't feel very well. I have a headache,
and a cough, and my nose is running." The man replied, "Yes, it seems as
though the whole office is sick. There is something going around." The phrase,
"something going around," means that a virus, cold, or some other contagious
illness is infecting many people.
9. (C) The question asks, "Whose recipe was used to make the apple pie?"
The correct answer is (C)-The woman's grandmother. The woman said, "I made
an apple pie using the recipe that my grandmother gave me."
10. (B) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct
answer is (B)-The man should do something relaxing and enjoyable over the
weekend, and not think about his problems at work. The man said, "Work has
been very stressful lately. There are too many problems to deal with right
now." The woman responded, "Well, this weekend you should find something
to do to keep your mind off things."
11. (D) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct answer
is (D) -They should recheck that the back door is locked for the sake of
safety. The woman said, "Please go and double check for me. Better to be safe
than sorry." "Double check" means recheck.
12. (A) The question asks, "At what speed is the man driving?" The correct
answer is (A) - Seventy miles per hour. The woman said, "...The speed limit
here is fifty-five miles per hour and you were going fifteen miles over it."
Fifty-five plus fifteen is seventy.
13. (D) The question asks, "Why is the woman certain that Mr. Holden will
come?" The correct answer is (D) - Because he is a man of strong
determination. The woman said, "...He is a man of strong will." "Strong will"
means strong determination and not strong body.
14. (C) The question asks, "What is the man's problem?" The correct answer
is (C) - He had too much work at the office. The man said, "...I just had a
long day at the office." The expression "to have a long day" means to have a lot
of work.
15. (B) The question asks, "Where did this conversation most probably take
place?" The correct answer is (B) - Near a pay phone. The woman said, "...1
need twenty more cents for this call." Obviously, she was making a call from a
pay phone. 16. (C) The question asks, "How may people live in the
apartment?" The correct answer is (C) - Three. The man asked, "Does Gloria
rent this apartment alone?" The woman responded, "No. She shares it with
two of her friends." So, it is Gloria and her two friends-three people living in
the apartment.
17. (A) The question asks, "What does the man mean?" The correct answer is
(A) - The woman is very fond of shopping. The woman said, "One more thing
from this store and I am done." This means she has been shopping for quite a
while. In response to that, the man asked, "Don't you ever get tired of
shopping?" The question was asked only to emphasize that she does not get
tired of shopping.
18. (B) The question asks, "How does the woman feel about the proposal?"
The correct answer is (B) - She is happy. Her response to the proposal was,
"Wonderful! That's my idea of a relaxing weekend." The exclamation
"Wonderful!" is used when a person is pleased.
19. (D) The question asks, "Where could the man find Dr. Gordon?" The
correct answer is (D) - In the conference room. The woman said, "...She
thought she had to meet you in the conference room." Dr. Gordon was waiting
for the man in the conference room.
20. (A) The question asks, "What kind of a job does John probably have?"
The correct answer is (A) - Auto mechanic. The woman mentioned a problem
with her car and the man said, "I will ask John to have a look at it tomorrow."
Only an auto mechanic would be able to help in the situation.
21. (C) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct
answer is (C) - She usually does not like to go to parties. When the man said,
"Why aren't you coming to the party? I promise you won't feel left out.", the
woman answered, "That's not the problem. I am just not a party person." it
means she is not concerned about being left out, she just doesn't like parties.
22. (D) The question asks, "What does the woman imply?" The correct
answer is (D) - The man should at least take the opportunity to appear for the
interview. When the man said, "I don't feel very excited about this interview,"
the woman said, "Just give it a try. What do you have to lose?"; meaning even
if he is not successful he is not going to lose anything.
23. (B) The question asks, "What is the man's opinion about Willie?" The
correct answer is (B) - He can achieve anything, if he is determined. The man
said, "I knew he could accomplish anything, if he put his mind to it."
24. (A) The question asks, "Approximately at what time should the woman be
able to get her watch back?" The correct answer is (A) - At five o'clock. The
man said, "It is two o'clock now. I should be able to fix it in about three
hours." Three hours after two would be five o'clock.
25. (D) The question asks, "What does the woman mean?" The correct answer
is (D) - She is very happy with her new job. The woman said, "I have never
been luckier with my job." It means she has not been so lucky with her jobs
before. She is happy with her job.
26. (C) The question asks, "Where did the man see the woman?" The correct
response is (C)-On the side of the road. The man's first statement of the
conversation was, "I saw you stopped on the side of the road this morning."
27. (B) The question asks, "Why was the woman stopped?" The correct
response is (B)-Engine problems. The woman says, "She stopped her car
because it started shaking." This does not shed any light on the answer to the
question. But, later in the conversation she says, "One of the cables to the
spark plugs had come loose." Even without knowing the workings of an
engine, the listener can eliminate the three other choices based on the
information given.
28. (A) The question asks, "Who fixed the woman's car?" The correct
response is (A)-She did. When the man asks if she had a mechanic look at the
car, she says, "No, it was easy to just reconnect the cables so the car could
run."
29. (A) The questions asks, "How did the woman know about car engines?"
The correct response is (A)-She grew up working on cars. The listener can
infer from the fact that she grew up working on cars that she knew about the
engines.
30. (C) The question asks, "How much did the man know about cars?" The
correct response is (C)-He can just about change a flat tire. The man says, "I
can barely change a flat tire." This means that he knows how to do it, but does
not know anything more complicated.
31. (C) The question asks, "Why does the man think that they have missed a
bill? The correct answer is (C) - Because it is unusual for them to have extra
money at the end of the month. In the conversation the man said, "It is almost
the end of the month and I was wondering how come we still have some extra
money in our account."
32. (B) The question asks, "What is the reason why they have some extra
money in their account?" The correct answer is (B)- The woman didn't take the
piano lessons this month. When the man said, "...I was wondering how come
we have some extra money in our account," the woman said, "I know why. We
didn't have to pay for my piano lessons this month."
33. (A) The question asks, "What does the woman plan to do?" The correct
answer is (A) - Buy a bookshelf. The woman said, "...it would be a good idea
to use that money for that bookshelf that we saw last week..."
34. (D) The question asks, "What promise does the man ask for?" The correct
answer is (D) - The woman has to help save some money next month. In the
conversation the man said, "...You have to promise to help save some money
next month."
35. (C) The question asks, "Why does the man think they can save some
money next month?" The correct answer is (C) - Because they don't have to
pay for the woman's piano lessons next month also. Towards the end of the
conversation the man said, "Your piano teacher is going to be away next
month also..." It means that the woman cannot take her piano lessons next
month and they don't have to pay for it.
36. (A) The question asks, "What does the woman want to get done?" The
correct answer is (A) - Get a photocopy of her dissertation. In the beginning of
the conversation, the woman asked the charge for photocopying. And when the
man asked, "Approximately how many do you have?", the woman answered,
"...It is my dissertation, which will be about a hundred pages."
37. (B) The question asks, "Approximately how much would the woman have
to pay for the photocopying of her dissertation?" The correct answer is (B) -
Ten dollars. The man agreed to charge ten cents per page, and her dissertation
would be about a hundred pages. So she would have to pay about ten dollars.
38. (B) The question asks, "Why did the man lower the charge?" The correct
answer is (B) - Because the woman has about a hundred pages for
photocopying. When the woman first asked about the charge, he said, "fifteen
cents per page." But when she said, "...it is my dissertation which will be
about a hundred pages," he lowered the charges saying, "In that case, I will do
it for ten cents per page." He gave a discount for more work.
39. (D) The question asks, "About how long is the woman's dissertation?"
The correct answer is (D) - One hundred pages. In the conversation the woman
said, "...it is my dissertation which will be about a hundred pages."
40. (D) The question asks, "What is the woman waiting for?" The correct
answer is (D) - She is waiting to finish typing. Towards the end of the
conversation the woman said, "...But I am not through typing yet. I should be
able to finish it within four or five days." Only after she finishes typing, she
can bring it for photocopying.
41. (A) The question asks, "During what period were most Europeans
illiterate?" The correct response is (A)-Middle Ages. The answer to this
question is in the first line of the talk, "During the Middle Ages the majority
of Europeans were illiterate." Do not be confused by the line about the
eleventh century which refers to the 1000s not the 1100s.
42. (D) The question asks, "Approximately what percentage of people
continued to live off the land?" The correct response is (D)-90%. This
question is answered in the line, "Probably more than ninety percent of the
population continued to live off the land." You have to know that ninety refers
to 90 and not 19.
43. (A) The question asks, "What empires did the Europeans come into
contact with?" The correct response is (A)-Islamic and Byzantine. The answer
for this question comes straight from the line, "The growth in commerce
between East and West offered Europeans contact with the Islamic and
Byzantine civilizations.
44. (C) The question asks, "Who did the cultural awakening affect?" The
correct response is (C)-Intellectuals. This question is answered in the line,
"The cultural awakening of the high Middle Ages affected only a small number
of intellectuals.
45. (B) The question is "Advances in which subjects had long-range
consequences?" The correct response is (B)-Philosophy and science. The
answer to this question comes from a list of several items which had
consequences. "Nevertheless, the advances in education, philosophy, science,
literature, and the arts that unfolded during this period had long-range
consequences." The listener must be able to distinguish parts of a list from the
list as a whole.
46. (C) The question asks, "What was the main topic of the talk?" The
correct answer is (C)-Some steps for satisfactory painting. Though there were
references to trees and shrubs, paint and color and sash brush in the talk, the
main purpose of the speaker was to give some tips in painting.
47. (A) The question asks, "Why should we take extra care in selecting
colors?" The correct answer is (A)-Because many a time colors look different
in the daylight than under artificial light. In the talk you heard, "...Another
area in which you need to take extra care is colors. Colors often look different
under artificial light than in daylight...."
48. (C) The question asks, "What type of weather is good to start painting?"
The correct answer is (C)-Warm and dry. The speaker said, "...Once you are
ready with the paint, select a warm and dry day to start painting."
49. (D) The question asks, "Why should we paint an entire section at one
time?" The correct answer is (D)-Because, if we don't, the paint will dry
unevenly. In the talk you heard, "...paint an entire section at one time. Don't
stop half way through the section, otherwise the paint will dry unevenly."
50. (C) The question ask, "How can we keep extra paint for years?" The
correct answer is (C)-By filming it with solvent, sealing it, and keeping it in a
warm dry place. The last two sentences in the talk were, "...when you are done
painting, float a thin layer of solvent on the surface of the remaining paint,
seal the can and store it in a warm, dry place. It will last for years."

Structure and written expression.

1.` (A)` (A) is the correct answer. All the people who do not have free tickets must pay the
admission fee. (B) is incorrect. The use of` no one` makes this possibility wrong. It makes for
two negatives in the sentence and creates an imbalance in meaning. (C) is incorrect. If the
sentence had read` ...need pay the admission fee,` instead of` must pay, `(C) would have been
the correct choice. Paying the admission fee is not mandatory (as implied by` must),` for those
who have free tickets. So it is incorrect. (D) is incorrect. It is illogical for one who has free
tickets to pay an admission fee.
2.` (A)` (A) is the correct answer. Past continuous tense is the right tense. The sentence is a
description of a past continuous act. (B) is incorrect because` the police` is representative of the
whole force and is therefore considered a plural noun. It is incorrect to use a singular verb
conjugation for a plural noun. (C) is incorrect because the act of
chasing is a continuous act. It would be more appropriate to use the continuous tense. (D) is
incorrect because` on a chase` makes the sentence complete and therefore` the robbers down the
street` is redundant.
3.` (D)` (A) is incorrect because it is only a clause, whereas the sentence needs a main verb.
(B) is incorrect.` Although` sets the note of contrast, and this is further contradicted by` but.` It
is unacceptable to have two contradictory terms in a sentence. (C) is incorrect. It too is also a
subordinate clause that does not provide the main verb for the sentence. (D) is the correct
answer. It makes a statement. `Is` is the main verb, and the second part of
the sentence adds the necessary information.
4.` (A)` (A) is the correct answer.` Thereby` means` thus,` it suggests result. (B) is incorrect
because of the of in the end.` When...it becomes a fossil, as a result, turning into evidence of
things that once lived.` (C) is incorrect. So must be followed by the pronoun in the first part of
the sentence, and therefore the verb should change to` turns.
`(D) is incorrect.` In the end` is an inaccurate expression for the lengthy process of fossilization.
5.` (B)` (A) is incorrect. The adverb` presumably` should not be followed by the infinitive of
the verb. It can only be` presumably dead, presumably extinct.` (B) is correct. This presumption
has been held for many years. It is a case of ellipsis, where the `which` is of` which is presumed
to be extinct` is dropped. (C) is incorrect. It is an
adjective that does not fit here. (D) is incorrect because of the absence of the relative pronoun
`which.
6. (B)` (A) is incorrect. A` small fraction` is part of a whole, so the preposition that should
follow is` of.` (B) is correct. In a small fraction of the 200 billion stars, life is possible. (C) is
incorrect because of the lack of a preposition. (D) is incorrect because the relative pronoun`
which` should refer to the fraction, not to the 200 billion stars.
7.` (B)` (A) is incorrect. The pronoun he and the noun J.F. Kennedy are too close together
and therefore one of them becomes redundant. (B) is correct. Another way of writing this
sentence would be:` J.F. Kennedy, the youngest man ever to be president, requested sweeping
civil rights....` Instead of the clause coming after the noun, it comes before. (C) is incorrect.
Although structurally acceptable, JFK's youth had nothing to do
with his request for sweeping legislation from Congress. (D) is incorrect for the same reason as
(A).
8.` (C)` (A) is incorrect because` about` is not a word used with specific years. (B) is
incorrect. On is also not used except when referring to a specific date in the year. (C) is the
correct answer.` Between` the two years, a period of nine years, the parliament passed laws. (D)
is incorrect.` Before` can be associated only with one date at a time. It is
incorrect to give two different years with` before.
9.` (C) (A) is incorrect because of the lack of `as` to show comparison. At a glance (B) may
seem like the correct choice, but the lack of a second as makes it incorrect. (C) is the correct
answer. `His uncle` is put at the end of the sentence because it is common for both parts of the
sentence. He is as tall as his uncle, if not taller than his uncle. (D) is incorrect. If he is the
tallest, there is no comparison with his uncle.
10. (C) (A) is incorrect. Broke `away` is taking a piece from the whole. (B) is incorrect. Broke
`down` is breaking down into smaller parts. (C) is correct. A person `breaks `someone's heart,
i.e., is hurting someone badly. (D) is incorrect because of the tense and the inappropriate
preposition.
11.` (D)` (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because the verbs are not in the same tense as they
should be drinking and gambling. (D) is the correct answer. His two vices, drinking and
gambling, make him a poor role model.
12.` (A)` (A) is the correct answer. The depression has been` referred to` by a prominent
psychiatrist. The preposition that goes with` refer `is `to.` (B) is incorrect. As is redundant
because it follows in the sentence later. Choice (C) is not connected to the first part of the
sentence through any conjunction, therefore, it is incorrect. (D) is incorrect. The pronoun `it` is
unnecessary because the subject is` depression,` and the second part of the sentence is not
separate from the first.
13. (D) (A) is incorrect because the comparative word `too` has been replaced by `to. `(B) is
incorrect. `Too` is preferred over `also` in most cases. For example, I speak English too. They
would like to come with us too. (C) is incorrect. There is no addition if so is used. It only
suggests result. (D) is the correct answer. Just as there are jobs that require college degrees,
there are occupations for which technical training is needed.
14.` (C)` (A) is incorrect. There is no need for the pronoun` they;` it is redundant. (B) is
incorrect. The verb should be in the third person plural, not singular. (C) is the correct answer.`
Have died out` is the present perfect tense, signifying that most of the older civilizations have
disappeared. (D) is incorrect because of the pronoun and the tense.` Up to now they have died
out` is the meaning. So it should be in the present perfect tense.
15.` (D)` (A) is incorrect. There are too many` ifs` in the sentence. (B) is incorrect. ` Knows`
and` earlier` don't go together. (C) is incorrect. An inversion is required to make the structure
correct. For example, I would have gone had I known earlier. In an attempt not to repeat the` if,`
the inversion becomes necessary. (D) is the correct answer. There are two actions in the past.
One is the student asking her professor and the other the professor's knowing earlier. The latter
action took place earlier than the former. So it should be in the past perfect tense. The inversion
of` he had known` into` had he known` is the result of
`The student asked her professor if....`
16.` (C)` (C) is incorrect. Careful attention must be paid to the difference between `rising`
and` raising.` The former is` getting up` while the latter means` bringing up.
17.`` (C)` (C) is incorrect. There is a missing preposition `of.` The sentence should read
`...farmers in Iraq is dates, of which Iraq is the world's leading exporter.
18.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. The structure is `more...than,` not `that.` More has been learned
about the Moon than.... The meaning is that we have learned more about the Moon than any
other planet.
19.` (D)` (D) is incorrect. The pronoun should refer to the` average family,` which is singular.
So it should be` it finds most meals unexciting.
20.` (A)` (A) is incorrect. There is a missing to in the infinitive form of the verb,` have. `If the
sentence were in the affirmative, it would read.` The teacher ought to have criticized.` Similarly,
the negative should be` ought not to have.
21.` (C)` (C) is incorrect. It is the position of` only` that is questionable. It should come
before the noun, which is` twenty-six letters.` In written English, it will be considered
appropriate to read it as:` there are only 26 letters to express....
22.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. The structure is` to go as far back as, `not` as far back to. `There
would be no need for a comparison if the sentence just read `which goes back to. 930A.D.
23.` (D)` (D) is incorrect. The past tense of the verb` does (did)` is not necessary in this
sentence. The sentence should read:` The young woman often wondered where at the estuary the
river formed little rivulets.`
24.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. The tense to be used is the past perfect,` had begun,` instead of` had
beginning.`
25.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. A person is usually `on` time, if it is understood earlier on in the
sentence at what time he/she has to be there. But when there is an action that has to be
performed at a particular time, and the person has to be there before that,` in` has to be used. For
example, I was well` in` time` to catch the ten o'clock bus.` I am usually punctual with my
meetings. I shall be` on` time.
26.` (D)` (D) is incorrect because it is redundant.` Instead` automatically includes the idea that
her father was not the one who was going to take her to the airport.
27.` (C)` (C) is incorrect. The verb should be conjugated in the third person plural, not left in
the infinitive. It should be` that show the pointlessness...`
28.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. There is no need for the pronoun it The first part of the sentence,
including the clause, is the subject.
29.` (A)` (A) is incorrect. The modal,` may,` is incomplete without the main verb,` be.` It
should read,` what may be the oldest fossil....
30.`` (B)` (B) is incorrect. The adjective form of `danger` should be used. `Most of us think of
sharks as dangerous` is the correct form.
31.` (D)` (D) is incorrect. The adverbial form of the word `abnormal` should be used. The verb
is` function.` It is qualified by` abnormally.`
32.` (C)` (C) is incorrect. It should read` among them.` The meaning is` among numerous
differences in skeletons and musculature, one is that loons cannot walk well on land.
33.` (A)` (A) is incorrect. The structure is` having the capacity to do something.` For example,
she has the capacity to do better in her exams.
34.` (D)` (D) is incorrect. This sentence has a missing preposition. The structure is `with
caution:` Drugs must be used with caution. The sentence is reversed to read `is an example of
the caution with which drugs must be used.`
35.` (B)` (B) is incorrect.` Sometimes` means` a few times,` in this case, the person is unsure
of when the parents moved out and so has to use` sometime.` For example, we should get
together sometime next week.
36. (B) (B) is incorrect. `To borrow `is used when a person `takes` something for a period of
time and later returns it. `To lend` is when a person `gives` something for a period of time. The
`library lends its books to a borrower`.
37.` (D)` (D) is incorrect. In reported speech, it is necessary to reverse the subject-verb
positions. For example,` whether or not he has experienced.... In` a regular question it would
be,` Has he experienced anything?`
38.` (C)` (C) is incorrect.` Hard` remains` hard` when it becomes an adverb, it does not follow
the usual rules of taking on `ly` in the end, as do most adjectives: e.g., quick- quickly.` Hard` is
an exception, as is` fast.` So, the sentence should read,` they work hard, enabling them to reach
their goals.`
39.` (A)` (A) is incorrect. The expression is` letting someone go.` Although` leave` and `let`
have similar meanings, they express different ideas. For example,` I will not let you go to the
party alone. I want to leave my child at the day-care center.`
40.` (B)` (B) is incorrect. The verb should be in the simple present tense when talking about a
generality, such as what a book deals with. It is not an action that will change; it will remain
constant. The verb should be` the book deals with many questions.`

Reading comprehension and vocabulary.

1. (D) The last paragraph of the passage clearly lists four fields in which
Planck made significant contributions. Biology is not mentioned as one of
these.
2. (C) As used within the context of the passage, "revolutionary" most
nearly means "momentous," since the implication here is that Planck's
discovery was a major and positive one. The other choices have either negative
or war-like connotations.
3. (B) The first paragraph states that Planck's work "revolutionized the
scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes." It
can thus be inferred that his work helped pave the way for the atomic bomb.
The other inventions were not the direct result of Planck's work.
4. (A) The passage directly states that the particles are called quantums.
The other choices are terms related to atomic processes, but are all incorrect.
5. (D) In the context of Planck's theories, the correct meaning of "universal"
is "always present," as in a constant. The other choices have geographic or
astronomical connotations which do not apply here.
6. (B) The fact that the quantum theory is capable of mathematical
translation is seen in the sentence, "Thus energy, or E, equals hv."
7. (D) The "idea" is defined later in the passage as the "equation" presented
in choice (D). Although the other choices are mentioned, they do not define
"idea."
8. (A) "Giving off is the motion described in the phrase, "required the
emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles."
9. (D) "E = hv" is presented in the words, "Thus, energy, or E, equals hv."
10. (B) "h" is the correct answer as seen in the sentence, "The constant, h, is
known as Planck's constant."
11. (C) The only true statement among the choices is that English boys
played a game they called "base ball" in the 1700s. Historians dispute that
Doubleday invented the game (A). There are many differences between today's
game and the nineteenth-century game (B). The first set of rules was
established well before the turn of the century, in 1845 (D).
12. (C) The passage states the "the Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay
players in 1869," which would make them the first professional baseball
team. The New York Knickerbockers (A) was an early baseball club, but it
was not a professional team. The Milwaukee Braves (B) and Brooklyn
Dodgers (D) were teams appearing later.
13. (B) The passage states that Alexander Cartwright set up the rules when
he formed his Knickerbocker Baseball Club in 1845. Abner Doubleday (A)
was involved with the early development of baseball. Albert Spalding (C) and
Babe Ruth (D) are not mentioned in the passage.
14. (C) The only game not mentioned in the passage as an early forerunner
of base-ball is cricket, an English game not unlike baseball.
15. (A) The first paragraph states that the museum opened 100 years after
1839.
16. (B) "Adopt" means "to accept." In this case, the other teams accepted
Cartwright's set of rules. Established (A), rejected (C), and abolished (D) all
violate the meaning of the sentence.
17. (D) "Standard" means official. In this context, official is correct because
standard is referring to rules. Normal (A) is not as precise as official. Disputed
(B) is the opposite of standard. Conclusive (C) is too vague in this context.
18. (A) The passage clearly states that the museum is in Cooperstown, NY.
The other sites are related to the early history of baseball, but are incorrect
here.
19. (B) The passage is simply an objective presentation of facts. The
objective tone of the passage obviously refutes "biased" (C) as the correct
answer. There is no attempt to be persuasive (A) or argumentative (D).
20. (C) The fact that the first professional team was not established until
1869 indicates that baseball was not played for profit before that time. All of
the other choices are reasons for which the game was played.
21. (C) The third paragraph states that phytoplankton growth is often limited
by the availability of nitrogen. The other substances are not mentioned in the
passage.
22. (D) An amoeba is not a plant and is not mentioned in the passage.
23. (B) The passage states that many kinds of phytoplankton use flagellum
to swim.
24. (C) The yellow pigment of the phytoplankton mixes with the blue water
to form green water commonly found near coasts.
25. (A) The passage states that silt or sediment, usually as outflow from a
large river , can cause a brownish hue.
26. (C) "Hardly ever" is implied in the words, "some shade of blue," meaning
there are many shades.
27. (A) A "short wavelength" is the descriptor directly following "blue light"
in the first paragraph of the passage.
28. (D) "Reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life" directly follows
mention of green water in the passage preceded by the words, "This is caused
by." (A) sand color, (B) red pigment and (C) blue pigment are never
mentioned.
29. (C) The words "microscopic floating plants" are directly followed by the
parenthetical term phytoplankton.
30. (B) "Sea coloration variation" is the topic discussed. The other choices
are elements of that variation, but do not encompass the subject of the entire
passage.
31. (C) The first sentence of the third paragraph lists energy forms produced
by the conversion of biomass. Oxygen is not mentioned as one of them.
32. (D) The passage states that "photosynthesis is carried out in
specialized structures...called chloroplasts." The other choices are involved in
the process, but are not the specialized structure itself.
33. (C) Oxygen is not a component of photosynthesis, but one of its
products. The other choices are all necessary for photosynthesis to occur.
34. (A) "Synthetic" most nearly means (A)—artificial. There are no context
clues to provide the answer to this question. Since the passage discusses plant
material, you may think that either (B)—natural or (D)—organic is the correct
answer, but both are the opposite of the meaning of "synthetic." Choice (C) is
also incorrect.
35. (C) The last sentence of the passage directly states, "Six molecules of
oxygen are produced as a waste product and are released into the air through
the stomata."
36. (C) That biomass is the beginning of natural energy forms conserving
other forms is the main idea stated in the last sentence of the first paragraph.
37. (A) "Metal" is the one answer not stated, and therefore is the correct
answer.
38. (D) Photosynthesis is the process biomass uses to capture and store
energy and is directly stated in the second sentence of the passage.
39. (B) "Release valve" is stated in the words, "Can be released from any
form of biomass through conversion."
40. (A) The words "byproducts for food, fertilizers, and chemicals as a
bonus" shows this to be the answer.
41. (C) The passage directly states that most people would benefit from an
increased intake of starch and fiber, not protein (A), fats (B), or sandwiches
(D).
42. (C) The last sentence of the passage directly states that one-fourth of the
day's nutrients should come from breakfast.
43. (D) The passage states that "a grilled cheese sandwich or a bowl of
whole-grain cereal is just as nutritious in the morning as it is at noon." This
certainly implies that the time of day food is eaten has no bearing on its
nutritional value. Therefore, (A) and (C) are clearly incorrect. (B) may be true,
but is not mentioned in the passage.
44. (B) The definition of "adequate" is "capable of meeting a need or
requirement." Here, an "adequate" diet is one that meets the Recommended
Dietary Allowances. The other choices make no sense.
45. (A) The passage indicates that RDAs are updated as more is known
about the science of nutrition. While both (B) and (C) may be correct, they do
not affect RDAs. Choice (D) is absolutely false—very much is currently
known about nutrition.
46. (D) The word "amounts" is directly preceded by the words
"Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)."
47. (B) The answer, "not all RDAs have been established yet," is shown in
the words "must await further research."
48. (D) "More starch and fiber" is suggested in the words, "increasing starch
and fiber in our diets."
49. (A) The word "continuing" is synonymous with the word "chronic." The
diseases mentioned, such as heart disease and diabetes, are usually not (B)
intermittent, (C) acute, or (D) curable.
50. (D) All of the above answers are included in the last two sentences under
the categories of disease whose sufferers benefit from reduced caloric intake.
51. (B) The first sentence of the passage states that the whooping crane
almost disappeared because of the alteration of its habitat.
52. (D) The third paragraph mentions (A) the white pelican, (B) the wood
ibis, and (C) the snow goose as other large white birds with black wing tips.
53. (C) The second paragraph states that scientists found the whooping
crane's nesting ground in Canada's remote Wood Buffalo Park in 1954. The
other locations were not mentioned in the passage.
54. (A) The third paragraph says that the young whooping crane, mottled
with rusty brown, could be mistaken for the more common sandhill cranes.
The other birds were not mentioned in the passage.
55. (C) The author's use of the terms "great white birds" and "magnificent
bird" implies that the author believes that the birds should be protected. Also,
the statement that the discovery of the nesting ground "was a crucial
discovery" also supports this answer.
56. (A) "Extinct" is the correct answer. (C) "overabundant" is the opposite,
(B) refers to where the crane lays its eggs, and (D) is not mentioned.
57. (C) The phrase "It was a crucial discovery" in the last sentence of the
second paragraph introduces this idea.
58. (B) "Changed by encroaching civilizations" is synonymous with the
words in the passage "as people's croplands and cities altered its natural
habitat."
59. (D) The words "enabling biologists to begin a comprehensive program to
save the great white birds" in the last sentence of the second paragraph defines
"crucial" as "more important."
60. (D) "Remote" is defined as "far away from civilization." The other
choices imply that the nesting grounds are nearby.

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