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Verbs
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Ïîøëè ññûëêó íà íàñ äðóãó:
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5. Past forms of the following verbs are not the same as the participles:
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Verb word |
Past form Participle |
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be was/were |
Been |
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Beat beat |
Beaten |
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begin began bite bit bitten blow blew break broke choose chose come came do did draw drew drink drank drive drove eat ate fall fell fly flew forget forgot forgive forgave freeze froze get got give gave go went grow grew hide hid know knew ride rode run ran see saw shake shook show showed shrink shrank sing sang speak spoke steal stole swear swore swim swam take took tear tore throw threw wear wore weave wove withdraw withdrew wite wrote |
Begun Beaten Blown broken chosen come done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen flown forgotten forgiven frozen gotten given gone grown hidden known ridden run seen shaken shown shrunk sung spoken stolen sworn swum taken torn thrown worn woven withdrawn written |
The concert began at eight o'clock
The concert has begun already
6. Modal verbs
These modal verbs are used with a VERB WORD (i.e. WITHOUT to)
CAN ( past - COULD) - possibility, ability, permission
I can swim. ( I'm able to swim. )
I can see.
We can send a letter . ( Possibility )
They can't be having a party. ( It's impossible. )
We could send a letter . ( Possibility in the past)
We could send a letter .
A letter could be sent . ( Passive )
MAY - probability, permission
They may be having a party. ( It's possible. )
MAY - probability
They might be having a party. ( There's a small possibility. )
MUST - necessity, logical conclusion
We must tell him .
He must be told . ( Passive )
They must be having a party. ( I'm sure. )
SHALL - future with emphasis
You shall have higher wages, if you work well.
SHOULD - advice, obligation, prediction
They should be there by now. ( We expect, we think they are there)
You shouldn't smoke here.
WILL - future
We will read this book.
WOULD - condition
I would, if there is time, like to make a phone call.
Never used 'to' after these modal verbs
7. Logical conclusions - events in the past
We can make conclusions about events in the past by observations.
Here is a letter on my desk. -> My friend must have called this night.
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Subject |
Must have |
Participle |
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³The pen |
³must have |
³ run ³ out of ink.³ (It doesn't write) |
Don't use SHALL or CAN instead of MUST.
Don't use a verb word instead of have+p.p., referring to past events.
8. Logical conclusions - events in the present
We can make logical conclusions based on evidence about events (happening now).
John hasn't come to the office. => he must be sick (now).
They must be having a party. ( I'm sure. )
He must be reading this book(now) ( Because book is absent)
Her hair³ must be wet (now) ( She hasn't an u
mbrella)He must be sorry (now) ( After his silly words)
Don't use a verb word instead of -ing form MUST BE.
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