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Verbs
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CAUSATIVES are main verbs that cause people or machines to do things, or cause things to change
16. Causative MAKE
S + MAKE + someone/something + verb word
They made me wait .
He made me come .
He makes me laugh sometimes.
My boss made me sign the paper .
You make the program work .
Don't use: infinitive or -ing form after MAKE
17. Causative GET.
GET has less force and authority than MAKE.
a) S + GET + someone + infinitive
They got me to wear this hat .
He gets his friends to come .
b) S + GET + something + p.p
He gets the house painted .
He got the sink fixed .
Don't use: verb without 'to' | -ing form after GET
18. Causative HAVE.
HAVE has even less force and authority than GET.
a) S + HAVE + someone + verb word .
They had their lawyer change their will .
b) S + HAVE + something + p.p
He has the house painted .
He had the sink fixed .
Don't use: infinitive | -ing form after HAVE
19. Causative LET (permission).
S + LET + someone + verb word.
He lets me come in.
Let us read this passage!
Don't use: infinitive | an -ing form after LET
20. Causative HELP.
S + HELP + someone + verb word/infinitive.
He helps me read this text.
He helps me to read this text.
Don't use: -ing form after HELP
REAL (FACTUAL) CONDITIONALS -
absolute, scientific fact; probable or possible result;
UNREAL (CONTRARY-TO-FACT) CONDITIONALS -
unreal condition, improbable or impossible result.
"IF" and "UNLESS" are used in CONDITIONALS.
21. FACTUAL CONDITIONALS - absolute, scientific fact.
If + S + V(present) , S + V(present)
If a catalyst is used , the reaction occurs more rapidly
If + S + V(present) , S + V(future)
If a catalyst is used , the reaction will occur more rapidly
Don't use: future after 'if'.
22. FACTUAL CONDITIONALS - probable result for future.
If + S + V(present) , S + will/can/may + verb word
If we find her address , we will/can/may write her a letter
S + will/can/may + verb word , if + S + V(present)
We will/can/may write her a letter, if we find her address
Don't use: future after 'if'. Don't use: present verb in the clause of result.
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